Equivalence class partitioning in black box testing example and advantages. Equivalence partitioning example grocery store example consider a software module that is intended to accept the name of a grocery item and a list of the different sizes the item comes in, specified in ounces. The program accepts five to nine inputs which are 3 digit integers greater than 100. The task is to use equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis which means to test the input at the boundary of the equivalence class partition to analyze the valid and invalid inputs for microsoft winword or any other software package that you have installed on your computer. Equivalence partitioning ep is a specificationbased or blackbox technique. Most of us who dont know this still use it informally without even realizing it. Triangle problem weak robust equivalence class test cases test case a b c expected output wr1 1 5 5 value of a is not in the range of permitted values wr2 5 1. Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique toolsqa. This reduces the complexity of the data for testing, as shown in figure 4. Partitioning is done such that the program behaves in a similar way to every input value belonging to an equivalence classes. Its important that all testers should be able to write test cases based on equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Lets see what has to say about boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning first.
With the emergence of agile, test driven development, continuous integration, and many other methodologies, software testing is. Equivalence class testing this week we turn to equivalence class testing. Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class. What is boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning. This process of identifying equivalence classes and partitioning them is called equivalence partitioning. In this article we will discuss some basic test design techniques used to create better test cases, particularly boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning and how these. Good practice and logical thinking can make it very easy to solve these questions. In equivalencepartitioning technique we need to test only one condition from each partition. Boundary value analysis is a technique to test boundary value between valid and invalid partitions in test case design. The word equivalence means the condition of being equal or equivalent in value, worth, function, etc. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning both are test case design techniques in black box testing. In our earlier example instead of checking, one value for each partition you will check the values at the partitions like 0, 1, 10, 11 and so on. Equivalence partitioning in software testing test design.
C equivalence partitioning, state transition, use case testing are black box testing techniques. Boundary value analysis in boundary value analysis, you test boundaries between equivalence partitions. This is because we are assuming that all the conditions in one partition will be. A equivalence partitioning, decision table and control flow are white box testing techniques. Equivalence partitioning is a technique used in software testing which aims to reduce the number of test cases and choose the right test cases. What is equivalence partitioning in software testing. Equivalence partitioning equivalence class partitioning. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once. Give examples of boundary value and equivalence partitioning test cases. Assume that the application accepts an integer in the range 100 to 999 valid equivalence class partition. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique is one of the testing techniques. One of the problems with equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis is that they are typically explained with simple examples like the one above, while in the real world these methods need to be applied in relation to every equivalence class of the.
Equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique that applies to all levels of testing. Example on equivalence partitioning test case design technique. In this method, the tester identifies various equivalence classes for. For example, if you divided 1 to input values invalid data equivalence class, then you can select test case values like 1, 11, 100, 950, etc. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. Therefore you group the test item into class where all items in each class are suppose to behave exactly the same. Equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique or specification based testing technique in which we group the input data into logical groups or equivalence classes. Check consistency and completeness of both classes and test cases. Identify the equivalence classes for the following specification. The below example best describes the equivalence class partitioning.
So in the above example, we can divide our test cases into three equivalence classes of. A technique in black box testing is equivalence partitioning. B equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, data flow are black box testing techniques. In todays it world, the lines between developers and qa engineers are being blurred. Equivalence class testing ec testing is when you have a number of test items e. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of the application under test into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. It can be applied at any level of testing and is often a good technique to use first.
Equivalence class partitioning is a black box testing method that divides the input domain of a program into classes of data give example for high severity and. In real testing scenario both options are correct, its just that you would be spending more time in execution if you consider option 1. Equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique software. This should be a very basic and simple example to understand the boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning concept. Using those techniques number of test cases can be reduced to few test cases without compromising the quality of testing. Instead we use it to write test cases on various modules of gmail other applications. Equivalence class partitioning results in a partitioning of the input domain of the software under test. Equivalence class partitioning testing is a method of black box testing which divides the input data of a program into equal partitions or classes or groups that can be considered the same and equivalently equivalence class partitioning also called as equivalence partitioning or ecp. All the data items lying in an equivalence class are assumed to be processed in the same way by the application when passed as input. Taking this into consideration istqb is having significant importance for this topic in the istqb foundation level certificate exam. Proper black box testing case design equivalence partitioning.
Mix play all mix software testing material youtube equivalent partition in software testing boundary value analysis in testing with example duration. To create the equivalence class from wsdl and xsd of check credit card, the data are categorised into two groups. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of the application under test into each partition at least once. Equivalence partitioning definition from from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Black box testing is where test cases are written to test the inputs and verify the output of the software system without the knowledge about the internal working of the software both boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning are black box testing design techniques.
An advantage of this approach is it reduces the time. Testing the code with just one representative value from each. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique. The values at the extremes startend values or lowerupper end. Uncategorized continuing the beginners guide to software testing series. Equivalence class partitioning software testing class. Equivalence partition organizer is a tool to edit a set of equivalence classes and test cases based on them. Mostly we make this choice by guessing the likely implementation that may be present in the program under test. Equivalence partitioning is a test case design technique to divide the input data of software into different. We will differentiate below, between four different types of equivalence class testing ect. We will also learn the pitfalls of equivalence partitioning.
Equivalence partitioning is a test case design technique to divide the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. In this method, equivalence classes for input values are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning. Equivalence partitioning question how to write software. If a tester is viewing the softwareundertest as a black box with well defined inputs and outputs, a good approach to selecting test inputs is to use a method called equivalence class partitioning.
Equivalence partitioning is designed to minimize the number of test cases by dividing tests in such a way that the system is expected to act the same way for all tests of each equivalence partition. Same case for other test cases having invalid data classes. I am new to software testing and i am studying the basic techniques. Answer bhanuchandar if we consider sinx where x ranges from 0360degrees then what will be value of x for equivalnce partitioning. This is very important because exhaustive testing is not possible. Boundary value analysis equivalence partitioning testing. In ecp test cases are designed to cover each class at least once. Equivalence class partitioning example problem in software. Partitioning is done such that the program behaves in a similar way to every input value belonging to an equivalence. Equivalence partitions are also known as equivalence classes the two terms mean exactly the same thing. How to choose appropriate test data for equivalence class.
Equivalence partitioning article about equivalence. Equivalence class testing is a black box software testing technique that divides function variable ranges into classessubsets that are disjoint. As you may observe, you test values at both valid and invalid boundaries. Equivalence partitioning ep is the process of methodically reducing the huge set of possible test cases into a much smaller but still equally effective set. In this method, classes of input conditions called equivalence classes are identified such that each member of the class. You could find other testing techniques such as boundary value analysis, decision table and state transition techniques by clicking on appropriate links equivalence partitioning is. Tables can be copied to the clipboard to use in word, excel or powerpoint. For equivalence class testing we can consider any one value from each equivalence class. Is it possible to do a boundary value analysis and. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning with. Equivalence partitioning equivalence class partitioning equivalence partitioning example. I would recommend to go through this link for a good example of equivalence partitioning. The synonyms for the word are equal, same, identical etc. The relation between stimulus function and equivalence class formation that three s1 and three s2 stimuli were used as sample and comparison stimuli.
The specifications state that the item name is to be alphabetic characters 2 to 15 characters in length. Equivalence classes in software testing stack overflow. Equivalence class testing, which is also known as equivalence class partitioning ecp and equivalence partitioning, is an important software testing technique used by the team of testers for grouping and partitioning of the test input data, which is then used for the purpose of testing the software product into a number of different classes. A and equivalence partitioning are test case design techniques. Intelligent sampling using equivalence partitioning. Each test case is representative of a respective class. How to choose appropriate test data for equivalence class partitions. This is achieved by identifying the classes or groups of inputs in such a way that each input value under this class will give the same result. It cannot be applied on an application directly like gmail. Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique. If the equivalence classes are chosen wisely, the potential redundancy among test cases is greatly reduced. In this method, classes of input conditions called equivalence classes are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur. Boundary value analysisbva and equivalence class partitioningecp are the techniques used to reduce the number of test cases to execute.
The key point in equivalence class testing is the choice of the equivalence relation that determines the classes. Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class partitioning. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test. If we have several test cases and time contraints do not allow us to execute them all, then we use techniqu.
Equivalence partitioning is a black box technique to identify test cases systematically and is often the first technique to be applied when designing test cases. Here,t he input values to a program are partitioned into equivalence classes. Boundary value analysis equivalence partitioning working on projects that handle large amounts of data can be tricky due to the different data that can be passed consumed by a program. The goal of ep is to reduce the set of possible test cases into a smaller, manageable set that. The key of equivalence class testing is the choice of the equivalence relation that determines the classes. Continuing the same example our partition will look like below. Equivalence partitioning also called as equivalence class partitioning. Now let me explain some test scenarios where we can apply equivalence partitioning technique. Equivalence partitioning is a method for deriving test cases. Istqb certification exam questions for chapter test design. Equivalence partitioning is based on the idea that it in many cases the inputsoutputs. Equivalence class partitioning simplified software testing.
870 426 378 1307 510 25 274 504 55 1167 489 975 983 233 351 203 1005 1143 931 657 1080 200 1316 482 1255 438 1344 162 1150 1127 1339 1251 215 628 664 612 1079 746 1151 615 638 761 937